7N Tellurium Crystal Kev Loj Hlob thiab Kev Ntxuav

7N Tellurium Crystal Kev Loj Hlob thiab Kev Ntxuav

I. Kev kho ua ntej thiab kev ntxuav ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv raw

1. ​Kev Xaiv Khoom Siv Raw thiab Kev Sib Tsoo​

• ​Cov Khoom Siv Yuav Tsum Tau UaSiv tellurium ore los yog anode slime (Te cov ntsiab lus ≥5%), zoo dua yog siv tooj liab smelting anode slime (muaj Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) ua raw khoom.
• ​Txheej Txheem Ua Ntej​:
• Kev sib tsoo loj rau qhov loj me me ≤5 hli, ua raws li kev sib tsoo pob rau ≤200 mesh;
• Kev sib cais sib nqus (qhov muaj zog ntawm lub zog sib nqus ≥0.8T) kom tshem tawm Fe, Ni, thiab lwm yam khoom tsis huv sib nqus;
• Kev ua npuas dej (pH = 8-9, xanthate collectors) los cais SiO₂, CuO, thiab lwm yam khoom tsis muaj hlau nplaum.
• ​Cov kev ceev fajTsis txhob muab dej noo rau hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej kho (yuav tsum tau ziab ua ntej ci); tswj cov av noo ib puag ncig ≤30%.

1. ​Kev Ci thiab Oxidation ntawm Pyrometallurgical​

• ​Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem​:
• Qhov kub ntawm kev ci oxidation: 350–600 ° C (kev tswj theem: qhov kub qis rau desulfurization, qhov kub siab rau oxidation);
• Lub sijhawm ci: 6–8 teev, nrog O₂ ntws ntawm 5–10 L/min;
• Tshuaj Reagent: Cov kua qaub sulfuric uas muaj concentrated (98% H₂SO₄), qhov hnyav piv Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5.
• ​Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Tshuaj​:
  Cu2Te + 2O2 + 2H2SO4 → 2CuSO4 + TeO2 + 2H2OCu2 Te + 2O2 + 2H2 SO4 → 2CuSO4 + TeO 2 + 2H2O
• ​Cov kev ceev faj‌: Tswj qhov kub thiab txias ≤600°C kom tiv thaiv TeO₂ volatilization (kub point 387°C); kho cov pa tso pa tawm nrog NaOH scrubbers.

II. Electrorefining thiab Vacuum Distillation

1. ​Kev ua kom huv ntawm hluav taws xob​

• ​Lub Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob​:
• Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov electrolyte: H₂SO₄ (80–120g/L), TeO₂ (40–60g/L), cov khoom ntxiv (gelatin 0.1–0.3g/L);
• Kev tswj kub: 30–40°C, qhov ntws ntawm cov dej ncig 1.5–2 m³/h.
• ​Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem​:
• Qhov ceev tam sim no: 100–150 A/m², qhov hluav taws xob ntawm tes 0.2–0.4V;
• Qhov nrug ntawm electrode: 80–120mm, cathode deposition thickness 2–3mm/8h;
• Kev tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• ​Cov kev ceev faj‌: Lim cov electrolyte tsis tu ncua (qhov tseeb ≤1μm); txhuam cov nplaim anode kom tiv thaiv kev passivation.

1. ​Kev Siv Tshuab Nqus Tsev​

• ​Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem​:
• Qib nqus tsev: ≤1 × 10⁻²Pa, qhov kub ntawm kev sib cais 600–650 ° C;
• Qhov kub ntawm thaj chaw condenser: 200–250°C, Te vapor condensation efficiency ≥95%;
• Lub sijhawm distillation: 8–12h, ib zaug ua tau ≤50kg.
• ​Kev Faib Tawm ntawm Cov Khoom Uas Tsis HuvCov khoom tsis huv uas kub tsawg (Se, S) sib sau ua ke ntawm lub condenser pem hauv ntej; cov khoom tsis huv uas kub heev (Pb, Ag) tseem nyob hauv cov seem.
• ​Cov kev ceev fajUa ntej lub twj tso kua mis nqus tsev kom txog ≤5 × 10⁻³Pa ua ntej cua sov kom tiv thaiv Te oxidation.

III. Kev Loj Hlob Crystal (Kev Ua Crystallization)

1. ​Kev Teeb tsa Khoom Siv​

• ​Cov Qauv Rauv Rauv Crystal GrowthTDR-70A/B (muaj peev xwm 30kg) lossis TRDL-800 (muaj peev xwm 60kg);
• Cov khoom siv Crucible: High-purity graphite (cov ntsiab lus tshauv ≤5ppm), qhov ntev Φ300 × 400mm;
• Txoj kev cua sov: Graphite tsis kam cua sov, qhov kub siab tshaj plaws 1200 ° C.

1. ​Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem​

• ​Kev Tswj Xyuas Yaj​:
• Kub yaj: 500–520 ° C, qhov tob ntawm lub pas dej yaj 80–120 hli;
• Cov roj tiv thaiv: Ar (purity ≥99.999%), tus nqi ntws 10–15 L / feeb.
• ​Cov Kev Ntsuas Crystallization​:
• Rub tus nqi: 1–3 hli/teev, siv lead ua tig ceev 8–12rpm;
• Qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv: Axial 30–50°C/cm, radial ≤10°C/cm;
• Txoj kev txias: Txias nrog dej tooj liab (kub ntawm dej 20–25°C), txias los ntawm sab saum toj.

1. ​Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua Phem​

• ​Kev Sib CaisCov khoom tsis huv xws li Fe, Ni (sib cais coefficient <0.1) sib sau ua ke ntawm cov ciam teb ntawm cov noob;
• ​Kev Hloov Kho Dua Tshiab‌: 3–5 lub voj voog, tag nrho cov khoom tsis huv kawg ≤0.1ppm.

1. ​Cov kev ceev faj​:

• Npog qhov chaw yaj nrog cov phaj graphite kom tiv thaiv Te volatilization (qhov poob ≤0.5%);
• Saib xyuas lub taub hau ntawm cov siv lead ua tiag tiag siv cov laser gauges (qhov tseeb ± 0.1 hli);
• Tsis txhob hloov pauv qhov kub thiab txias >±2°C kom tiv thaiv kev nce ntawm qhov ceev ntawm qhov dislocation (lub hom phiaj ≤10³/cm²).

IV. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Zoo thiab Cov Ntsuas Tseem Ceeb

V. Cov Cai Ib puag ncig thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb

1. ​Kev Kho Mob Pa Tawm​:

• Ci cov pa tawm: Ua kom SO₂ thiab SeO₂ tsis muaj zog nrog NaOH scrubbers (pH≥10);
• Cov pa tawm ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev: Ua kom cov pa tawm thiab rov qab tau; cov pa roj seem adsorbed los ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated.

1. ​Kev Siv Slag Rov Qab​:

• Anode slime (muaj Ag, Au): Rov qab tau los ntawm hydrometallurgy (H₂SO₄-HCl system);
• Cov seem electrolysis (muaj Pb, Cu): Rov qab mus rau cov txheej txheem smelting tooj liab.

1. ​Kev Ntsuas Kev Nyab Xeeb​:

• Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav lub ntsej muag roj (Te pa yog lom); tswj kom muaj qhov cua nkag mus rau hauv lub siab tsis zoo (tus nqi pauv cua ≥10 cycles / teev).

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem

1. ​Kev Hloov Kho Khoom Siv RawKho qhov kub thiab qhov sib piv ntawm cov kua qaub raws li qhov chaw anode slime (piv txwv li, tooj liab piv rau cov hlau lead smelting);
2. ​Kev Sib Tw Ntaus Crystal RubKho qhov ceev rub raws li kev sib hloov ntawm cov yaj (Reynolds tus lej Re≥2000) kom txo qhov kev txias ntawm cov khoom siv.
3. ​Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob ZooSiv ob qhov kub thiab txias (tswj thaj tsam tseem ceeb 500 ° C, thaj tsam me 400 ° C) kom txo tau 30% kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm graphite.