Cov kauj ruam thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem cadmium

I. Kev Kho Mob Ua Ntej thiab Kev Ntxuav Ua Ntej

1. ​Kev Npaj Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Cadmium Uas Muaj Kev Ntshiab Siab​

• ​Kev Ntxuav Kua TxobCov khoom siv cadmium ingots uas siv rau hauv cov kua qaub nitric acid 5%-10% ntawm 40-60°C rau 1-2 teev kom tshem tawm cov oxides saum npoo av thiab cov hlau tsis huv. Yaug nrog dej deionized kom txog thaum pH nruab nrab thiab qhuav hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev.
• ​Kev Siv Hydrometallurgical LeachingKho cov khib nyiab uas muaj cadmium (piv txwv li, tooj liab-cadmium slag) nrog sulfuric acid (15-20% concentration) ntawm 80-90 ° C rau 4-6 teev, ua tiav ≥95% cadmium leaching efficiency. Lim thiab ntxiv zinc hmoov (1.2-1.5 zaug stoichiometric ratio) rau kev hloov chaw kom tau txais daim txhuam cev cadmium

1. ​Melting thiab Casting​

• Muab cov roj cadmium tso rau hauv cov graphite crucibles uas muaj cov khoom siv graphite ntau, yaj hauv qab huab cua argon ntawm 320-350°C, thiab nchuav rau hauv cov pwm graphite kom txias qeeb. Ua cov ingots nrog qhov ceev ≥8.65 g/cm³

II. Kev Ua Kom Zoo Dua Hauv Cheeb Tsam

1. ​Cov Khoom Siv thiab Cov Kev Ntsuas​

• Siv cov cub tawg uas yaj kab rov tav uas muaj qhov dav ntawm thaj chaw yaj ntawm 5-8 hli, qhov ceev ntawm 3-5 hli/teev, thiab 8-12 zaug ua kom huv. Qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv: 50-80°C/cm; qhov nqus tsev ≤10⁻³ Pa‌
• ​Kev Sib Cais Ntawm Qhov Tsis Huv‌: Thaj chaw rov ua dua dhau cov hmoov txhuas concentrate, zinc, thiab lwm yam impurities ntawm tus tw ntawm ingot. Tshem tawm qhov kawg 15-20% impurity-nplua nuj seem, ua tiav qhov nruab nrab purity ≥99.999%

1. ​Cov Kev Tswj Xyuas Tseem Ceeb​

• Qhov kub ntawm thaj chaw yaj: 400-450°C (siab dua me ntsis cadmium lub ntsiab lus yaj ntawm 321°C);
• Tus nqi txias: 0.5-1.5 ° C / feeb kom txo qis qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov lattice;
• Argon ntws tus nqi: 10-15 L / min kom tiv thaiv oxidation

III. Kev Ua Kom Huv Si Los Ntawm Hluav Taws Xob

1. ​Kev Tsim Cov Khoom Siv Electrolyte​

• Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov electrolyte: Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄, 80-120 g/L) thiab sulfuric acid (pH 2-3), nrog rau 0.01-0.05 g/L gelatin ntxiv rau kom txhim kho qhov ceev ntawm cov cathode deposit

1. ​Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem​

• Anode: Phaj cadmium nyoos; Cathode: Phaj Titanium;
• Qhov ceev tam sim no: 80-120 A/m²; Lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm tes: 2.0-2.5 V;
• Kub ntawm electrolysis: 30-40°C; Lub sijhawm: 48-72 teev; Cathode purity ≥99.99%

IV. Kev Siv Tshuab Nqus Tsev Los Ua Kom Tsawg Dua

1. ​Kev Txo thiab Kev Sib Cais Kub Siab​

• Muab cov cadmium ingots tso rau hauv lub tshuab cua sov (siab ≤10⁻² Pa), ntxiv hydrogen ua ib qho reductant, thiab cua sov rau 800-1000 ° C kom txo cov cadmium oxides rau hauv cov roj cadmium. Qhov kub ntawm lub condenser: 200-250 ° C; Qhov huv kawg ≥99.9995%

1. ​Kev Tshem Tawm Kev Ua Phem​

• Cov hlau lead seem, tooj liab, thiab lwm yam khoom tsis huv ≤0.1 ppm;
• Cov pa oxygen ≤5 ppm

V. Czochralski Ib Leeg Crystal Loj Hlob

1. ​Kev Tswj Xyuas Yaj thiab Kev Npaj Cov Noob Crystal​

• Muab cov cadmium ingots uas muaj purity siab rau hauv cov quartz crucibles uas muaj purity siab, yaj hauv qab argon ntawm 340-360°C. Siv cov noob cadmium uas muaj single-crystal <100>-oriented (inch 5-8 mm), pre-annealed ntawm 800°C kom tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.

1. ​Cov Kev Cai Siv Crystal Rub​

• Rub ceev: 1.0-1.5 hli/feeb (theem pib), 0.3-0.5 hli/feeb (kev loj hlob ruaj khov);
• Kev tig ntawm lub Crucible: 5-10 rpm (kev tig rov qab);
• Qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv: 2-5 ° C / hli; Kev hloov pauv kub ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kua ≤ ± 0.5 ° C

1. ​Cov Txheej Txheem Tiv Thaiv Qhov Tsis Zoo​

• ​Kev Pab Cuam Txog Lub Zog Sib NqusSiv 0.2-0.5 T axial magnetic field los tswj cov turbulence yaj thiab txo cov impurity striations;
• ​Kev Tswj Xyuas TxiasKev txias tom qab kev loj hlob ntawm 10-20 ° C / h txo qis qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev txav chaw los ntawm kev ntxhov siab thermal.

VI. Kev Ua Tom Qab thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo

1. ​Kev Siv Crystal Machining​

• ​Kev txiavSiv cov hlau txiav pob zeb diamond los txiav ua cov wafers 0.5-1.0 hli ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 20-30 m/s;
• ​Kev txhuam hniavKev txhuam txhuam tshuaj lom neeg (CMP) nrog nitric acid-ethanol sib tov (1: 5 vol. ratio), ua tiav qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw Ra ≤0.5 nm.

1. ​Cov Qauv Zoo​

• ​Kev dawb huvGDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) lees paub Fe, Cu, Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
• ​Kev tiv taus‌: ≤5 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m (kev huv huv ≥99.9999%);
• ​Kev Taw Qhia CrystallographicKev Sib Txawv <0.5 °; Kev Nthuav Dav ≤10³ / cm²

VII. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem

1. ​Kev Tshem Tawm Impurity​

• Siv cov ion-exchange resins rau kev xaiv adsorption ntawm Cu, Fe, thiab lwm yam, ua ke nrog ntau theem cheeb tsam refining kom ua tiav 6N-qib purity (99.9999%)

1. ​Kev Txhim Kho Automation​

• Cov algorithms AI hloov kho qhov ceev rub, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lwm yam, ua rau cov txiaj ntsig nce ntxiv los ntawm 85% mus rau 93%;
• Nce qhov loj ntawm lub crucible mus rau 36 nti, ua rau muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom noj ib zaug ntawm 2800 kg, txo kev siv hluav taws xob mus rau 80 kWh/kg

1. ​Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Rov Qab Tau Cov Khoom Siv​

• Rov tsim cov kua qaub ntxuav cov khib nyiab los ntawm kev pauv ion (Cd rov qab ≥99.5%);
• Kho cov pa tawm nrog cov pa roj carbon activated adsorption + alkaline scrubbing (Cd vapor recovery ≥98%)

Kev Txheeb Xyuas

Cov txheej txheem loj hlob thiab ntxuav cov cadmium siv lead ua ke hydrometallurgy, kev ua kom lub cev kub siab, thiab cov thev naus laus zis loj hlob siv lead ua kom raug. Los ntawm kev siv acid leaching, zone refining, electrolysis, vacuum distillation, thiab Czochralski kev loj hlob—ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg thiab kev coj ua zoo rau ib puag ncig—nws ua rau muaj kev tsim khoom ruaj khov ntawm 6N-qib ultra-high-purity cadmium ib leeg siv lead ua. Cov no ua tau raws li qhov xav tau rau cov khoom siv nuclear detectors, cov ntaub ntawv photovoltaic, thiab cov khoom siv semiconductor siab heev. Kev nce qib yav tom ntej yuav tsom mus rau kev loj hlob siv lead ua loj, kev sib cais cov khoom tsis huv, thiab kev tsim cov pa roj carbon tsawg.