Cadmium txheej txheem cov kauj ruam thiab tsis

I. Raw Material Pretreatment thiab Primary Purification

1. covHigh-Purity Cadmium Feedstock Npajcov

• covAcid Ntxuav: Muab cov khoom lag luam-qib cadmium ingots hauv 5% -10% nitric acid tov ntawm 40-60 ° C rau 1-2 teev kom tshem tawm cov oxides thiab hlau impurities. Yaug nrog dej deionized kom txog thaum nruab nrab pH thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev qhuav.
• covHydrometallurgical Leaching: Kho cadmium-muaj pov tseg (piv txwv li, tooj liab-cadmium slag) nrog sulfuric acid (15-20% concentration) ntawm 80-90 ° C rau 4-6 teev, ua tiav ≥95% cadmium leaching efficiency. Lim thiab ntxiv zinc hmoov (1.2-1.5 zaug stoichiometric piv) rau kev hloov pauv kom tau daim txhuam cev cadmium

1. covMelting thiab Castingcov

• Load sponge cadmium rau hauv high-purity graphite crucibles, yaj nyob rau hauv argon cua ntawm 320-350 ° C, thiab ncuav rau hauv graphite pwm rau qeeb txias. Daim ntawv ingots nrog qhov ceev ≥8.65 g / cm³

II. Zone Refining

1. covKhoom siv thiab Parameterscov

• Siv kab rov tav floating cheeb tsam melting rauv nrog molten cheeb tsam dav ntawm 5-8 mm, traverse ceev ntawm 3-5 mm / h, thiab 8-12 refining passes. Kub gradient: 50-80 ° C / cm; Lub tshuab nqus tsev ≤10⁻³ Pa
• covImpurity Segregation: Rov ua dua qhov chaw hla cov hmoov lead, zinc, thiab lwm yam impurities ntawm tus Tsov tus tw. Tshem tawm qhov kawg 15-20% impurity-nplua nuj seem, ua tiav nruab nrab purity ≥99.999%

1. covCov Ntsiab Cai Tswjcov

• Molten tsam kub: 400-450 ° C (me ntsis saum cadmium melting point ntawm 321 ° C);
• Txias tus nqi: 0.5-1.5 ° C / min kom txo cov kev tsis haum ntawm lattice;
• Argon txaus tus nqi: 10-15 L / min los tiv thaiv oxidation

III. Electrolytic Refining

1. covElectrolyte Formulationcov

• Electrolyte muaj pes tsawg leeg: Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄, 80-120 g / L) thiab sulfuric acid (pH 2-3), nrog rau 0.01-0.05 g / L gelatin ntxiv los txhim kho cathode deposit density

1. covTxheej txheem Parameterscov

• Anode: Crude cadmium phaj; Cathode: Titanium phaj;
• Tam sim no ceev: 80-120 A / m²; Cell voltage: 2.0-2.5V;
• Electrolysis kub: 30-40 ° C; Duration: 48-72 teev; Cathode purity ≥99.99%.

IV. Vacuum Reduction Distillation

1. covKev kub ceev txo thiab sib caiscov

• Muab cadmium ingots tso rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum (siab ≤10⁻² Pa), qhia hydrogen ua tus reductant, thiab cua sov rau 800-1000 ° C kom txo cadmium oxides rau gaseous cadmium. Condenser kub: 200-250 ° C; purity kawg ≥99.9995%

1. covImpurity tshem tawm Efficiencycov

• Residual lead, tooj liab, thiab lwm yam hlau impurities ≤0.1 ppm;
• Cov ntsiab lus oxygen ≤ 5 ppm

V. Czochralski Ib Leeg Crystal Loj hlob

1. covMelt Control thiab Seed Crystal Preparationcov

• Load high-purity cadmium ingots rau hauv high-purity quartz crucibles, yaj nyob rau hauv argon ntawm 340-360 ° C. Siv <100>-oriented ib leeg-crystal cadmium noob (inch 5-8 mm), pre-annealed ntawm 800 ° C kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv

1. covCrystal Pulling Parameterscov

• Rub ceev: 1.0-1.5 mm / min (thaum pib), 0.3-0.5 mm / min (kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua);
• Crucible kev sib hloov: 5-10 rpm (counter-rotation);
• Kub gradient: 2-5 ° C / mm; Khoom-kua interface kub hloov pauv ≤ ± 0.5 ° C

1. covKev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaivcov

• covSib Nqus Field Assistance: Thov 0.2-0.5 T axial magnetic teb los suppress melt turbulence thiab txo impurity striations;
• covTswj cua txias: Tom qab kev loj hlob txias ntawm 10-20 ° C / h txo qis qhov tsis xws luag los ntawm kev ntxhov siab thermal.

VI. Tom qab ua tiav thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo

1. covCrystal Machiningcov

• covTxiav: Siv pob zeb diamond hlau hlais rau hauv 0.5-1.0 hli wafers ntawm 20-30 m / s xaim ceev;
• covPolishing: Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) nrog nitric acid-ethanol sib tov (1: 5 vol. ratio), ua tiav nto roughness Ra ≤0.5 nm.

1. covCov Qauv Zoocov

• covPurity: GDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) lees paub Fe, Cu, Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
• covKev tiv thaiv≤5 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m (purity ≥99.9999%);
• covCrystallographic Orientation: Deviation <0.5°; Dislocation ceev ≤10³ / cm²

VII. Txheej txheem Optimization cov lus qhia

1. covTargeted Impurity Tshem Tawmcov

• Siv ion-exchange resins rau xaiv adsorption ntawm Cu, Fe, thiab lwm yam., ua ke nrog ntau theem cheeb tsam refining kom tiav 6N-qib purity (99.9999%)

1. covAutomation upgradescov

• AI algorithms dynamically kho rub ceev, kub gradients, thiab lwm yam., nce tawm los ntawm 85% mus rau 93%;
• Scale up crucible loj rau 36 ntiv tes, ua rau ib qho khoom noj ntawm 2800 kg, txo kev siv zog rau 80 kWh / kg

1. covSustainability thiab Resource Recoverycov

• Regenerate acid ntxuav pov tseg ntawm ion pauv (Cd rov qab ≥99.5%);
• Kho cov pa roj carbon monoxide activated carbon adsorption + alkaline txhuam (Cd vapor rov qab ≥98%)

Cov ntsiab lus

Lub cadmium siv lead ua kev loj hlob thiab purification txheej txheem integrates hydrometallurgy, high-temperature lub cev refining, thiab precision siv lead ua kev loj hlob technologies. Los ntawm cov kua qaub leaching, cheeb tsam refining, electrolysis, nqus distillation, thiab Czochralski kev loj hlob-coupled nrog automation thiab eco-friendly kev coj-nws enables ruaj khov zus tau tej cov 6N-qib ultra-high-purity cadmium ib leeg muaju. Cov no ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic, thiab cov khoom siv semiconductor siab heev. Cov kev vam meej yav tom ntej yuav tsom mus rau qhov loj-loj siv lead ua loj hlob, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib cais impurity, thiab kev tsim cov pa roj carbon tsawg