Kawm txog Bismuth

Bismuth yog ib hom hlau dawb dawb mus rau xim liab uas yooj yim tawg thiab yooj yim tawg. Nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov. Bismuth muaj nyob rau hauv xwm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau dawb thiab cov zaub mov.
1. [Xwm Txheej]
Bismuth ntshiab yog ib hom hlau mos, thaum Bismuth tsis ntshiab yog brittle. Nws ruaj khov ntawm chav tsev kub. Nws cov ores tseem ceeb yog bismuthinite (Bi2S5) thiab bismuth ochre (Bi2o5). Bismuth kua nthuav dav thaum khov.
Nws yog brittle thiab muaj cov hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity tsis zoo. Bismuth selenide thiab telluride muaj cov khoom semiconductor.
Hlau Bismuth yog ib hom hlau dawb (liab dawb) mus rau daj daj uas ci ntsa iab, yooj yim tawg thiab yooj yim rau kev zom; ntawm chav sov, bismuth tsis ua rau muaj pa oxygen lossis dej thiab ruaj khov hauv huab cua. Nws muaj kev coj hluav taws xob thiab thermal tsis zoo; bismuth yav dhau los tau suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab lus ruaj khov tshaj plaws nrog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov atomic mass, tab sis xyoo 2003, nws tau pom tias bismuth tsis muaj zog radioactive thiab tuaj yeem lwj mus rau hauv thallium-205 los ntawm α lwj. Nws ib nrab-lub neej yog li 1.9X10^19 xyoo, uas yog 1 billion npaug ntawm lub neej ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
2. Daim Ntawv Thov
semiconductor
Cov khoom siv semiconductor ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke cov bismuth purity siab nrog tellurium, selenium, antimony, thiab lwm yam thiab rub cov siv lead ua ke yog siv rau cov thermocouples, kev tsim hluav taws xob thermoelectric qis-kub thiab thermorefrigeration. Lawv yog siv los sib sau ua ke cov cua txias thiab cov tub yees. Cov bismuth sulfide dag tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov photoresistors hauv cov khoom siv photoelectric kom ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv hauv thaj chaw pom spectrum.
Kev Lag Luam Nuclear
Bismuth purity siab yog siv los ua cov khoom siv cua sov lossis cov dej txias hauv cov reactors kev lag luam nuclear thiab ua cov khoom siv rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv fission atomic.
Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj bismuth xws li bismuth germanate crystals yog ib hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv scintillating siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nuclear, X-ray tomography scanners, electro-optics, piezoelectric lasers thiab lwm yam khoom siv; bismuth calcium vanadium (pomegranate ferrite yog ib qho khoom siv microwave gyromagnetic tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv magnetic cladding), bismuth oxide-doped zinc oxide varistors, bismuth-containing boundary layer high-frequency ceramic capacitors, tin-bismuth permanent magnets, bismuth titanate ceramics thiab hmoov, bismuth silicate crystals, bismuth-containing fusible glass thiab ntau dua 10 lwm yam khoom siv kuj tau pib siv hauv kev lag luam.
Kev kho mob
Cov tshuaj Bismuth muaj cov teebmeem ntawm astringent, anti-diarrheal, thiab kev kho mob plab zom mov dyspepsia. Bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth subnitrate, thiab potassium bismuth subrubberate yog siv los ua cov tshuaj hauv plab. Cov teebmeem astringent ntawm cov tshuaj bismuth yog siv rau hauv kev phais mob los kho qhov raug mob thiab tiv thaiv kev los ntshav. Hauv kev kho mob radiotherapy, cov hlau bismuth-based alloys yog siv hloov txhuas los ua cov phaj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg mob kom tiv thaiv lwm qhov ntawm lub cev kom tsis txhob raug rau hluav taws xob. Nrog rau kev tsim cov tshuaj bismuth, nws tau pom tias qee cov tshuaj bismuth muaj cov teebmeem tiv thaiv mob qog noj ntshav.
Cov Khoom Siv Hlau Ntxiv
Ntxiv cov bismuth me me rau hauv cov hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau, thiab ntxiv cov bismuth me me rau hauv cov hlau nplaum malleable tuaj yeem ua rau nws muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov hlau tsis xeb.