Kawm txog Bismuth

Bismuth yog silvery dawb mus rau liab hlau uas yog nkig thiab yooj yim rau crush. Nws cov khoom siv tshuaj yog qhov ruaj khov. Bismuth muaj nyob rau hauv xwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dawb hlau thiab minerals.
1. [Nature]
Ntshiab bismuth yog cov hlau mos, thaum tsis huv bismuth yog nkig. Nws ruaj khov ntawm chav tsev kub. Nws cov ore tseem ceeb yog bismuthinite (Bi2S5) thiab bismuth ocher (Bi2o5). Ua kua bismuth nthuav thaum solidified.
Nws yog nkig thiab tsis zoo hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity. Bismuth selenide thiab telluride muaj cov khoom siv semiconductor.
Bismuth hlau yog silvery dawb (liab liab) rau lub teeb daj luster hlau, nkig thiab yooj yim rau crush; Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, bismuth tsis hnov ​​​​mob nrog oxygen lossis dej thiab ruaj khov hauv huab cua. Nws muaj hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab thermal conductivity; bismuth yav dhau los tau suav tias yog cov khoom ruaj khov tshaj plaws nrog cov txheeb ze loj tshaj plaws atomic mass, tab sis xyoo 2003, nws tau pom tias bismuth tsis muaj zog ntawm cov xov tooj cua thiab tuaj yeem lwj mus rau thallium-205 los ntawm α lwj. Nws ib nrab-lub neej yog hais txog 1.9X10^19 xyoo, uas yog 1 billion npaug ntawm lub neej ntawm ntug.
2. Daim ntawv thov
semiconductor
Semiconductor Cheebtsam ua los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm high-purity bismuth nrog tellurium, selenium, antimony, thiab lwm yam thiab rub cov muaju yog siv rau thermocouples, low-temperature thermoelectric power generation thiab thermorefrigeration. Lawv yog siv los sib sau ua ke cua txias thiab tub yees. Artificial bismuth sulfide tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ua kom cov rhiab heev hauv cheeb tsam pom spectrum.
Kev lag luam Nuclear
High-purity bismuth yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los yog cov khoom ua kom txias hauv kev lag luam nuclear reactors thiab ua cov khoom siv tiv thaiv atomic fission.
Electronic Ceramics
Bismuth-muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li bismuth germanate crystals yog hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hauv kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, X-ray tomography scanners, electro-optics, piezoelectric lasers thiab lwm yam khoom siv; bismuth calcium vanadium (pomegranate ferrite yog ib qho tseem ceeb microwave gyromagnetic khoom thiab sib nqus cladding khoom), bismuth oxide-doped zinc oxide varistors, bismuth-muaj ciam txheej txheej high-frequency ceramic capacitors, tin-bismuth mus tas li hlau nplaum, bismuth titanate ceramics thiab bismuth hmoov. silicate crystals, bismuth-muaj fusible iav thiab ntau tshaj 10 lwm yam ntaub ntawv kuj tau pib siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam.
Kev kho mob
Bismuth compounds muaj cov teebmeem ntawm astringency, antidiarrhea, thiab kev kho mob plab dyspepsia. Bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth subnitrate, thiab potassium bismuth subrubberate yog siv los ua tshuaj plab. Cov nyhuv astringent ntawm cov tshuaj bismuth yog siv rau hauv kev phais los kho kev raug mob thiab tso tseg los ntshav. Hauv kev kho hluav taws xob, bismuth-based alloys yog siv los ntawm txhuas los ua cov ntawv tiv thaiv rau cov neeg mob kom tiv thaiv lwm qhov ntawm lub cev kom tsis txhob raug hluav taws xob. Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj bismuth, nws tau pom tias qee cov tshuaj bismuth muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob cancer.
Metallurgical Additives
Ntxiv cov lej ntawm bismuth rau cov hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau, thiab ntxiv cov lej ntawm bismuth rau cov hlau tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau nws muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov hlau tsis muaj steel.