Sulfur yog cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau nrog cov cim tshuaj S thiab tus lej atomic ntawm 16. Pure sulfur yog daj siv lead ua, tseem hu ua sulfur lossis daj sulfur. Elemental sulfur yog insoluble hauv dej, me ntsis soluble hauv ethanol, thiab yooj yim soluble hauv carbon disulfideCS2.
1. Lub cev muaj zog
- Sulfur feem ntau yog daj daj siv lead ua, tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis qab.
- Sulfur muaj ntau yam allotropes, tag nrho cov uas muaj S8cyclic molecules. Cov feem ntau yog orthorhomb sulfur (tseem hu ua rhombic sulfur, α-sulfur) thiab monoclinic sulfur (tseem hu ua β-sulfur).
- Orthorhombic sulfur yog ib daim ntawv ruaj khov ntawm leej faj, thiab thaum rhuab mus txog 100 ° C, nws tuaj yeem ua kom txias kom tau txais cov sulfur monoclinic. Qhov kev hloov pauv kub ntawm orthorhombic sulfur thiab monoclinic sulfur yog 95.6 ° C.orhombic sulfur yog tib hom sulfur nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Nws daim ntawv ntshiab yog daj-ntsuab (cov leej faj muag ntawm lub khw zoo li daj ntau vim muaj cov kab mob ntawm cycloheptasulfur). Orthorhombic sulfur yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, tsis zoo thermal conductivity, yog ib tug zoo hluav taws xob insulator.
- Monoclinic sulfur yog suav tsis txheeb koob zoo li cov muaju tshuav tom qab melting sulfur thiab nchuav tawm cov kua ntau dhau. Monoclinic sulfur orthorhombic sulfur yog variants ntawm elemental sulfur ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Monoclinic sulfur tsuas yog ruaj khov tshaj 95.6 ℃, thiab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nws maj mam hloov mus rau hauv orthorhombic sulfur. Lub melting point ntawm orthorhombic sulfur yog 112.8 ℃, lub melting point ntawm monoclinic sulfur yog 119 ℃. Ob leeg yog soluble heev hauv CS2.
- Kuj tseem muaj elastic sulfur. Elastic sulfur yog daj daj, elastic khoom uas tsis tshua muaj soluble hauv carbon disulfide dua li lwm cov allotropes sulfur. Nws yog insoluble hauv dej thiab me ntsis soluble hauv cawv. Yog hais tias molten sulfur yog nchuav sai sai rau hauv dej txias, cov saw hlau ntev yog tsau, stretchable elastic sulfur. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tawv dhau sijhawm thiab dhau los ua monoclinic sulfur.
2. Cov khoom siv tshuaj
- Sulfur tuaj yeem hlawv hauv huab cua, reacting nrog oxygen los tsim sulfur dioxide (SO₂) gas.
- Sulfur reacts nrog tag nrho cov halogens thaum cua sov. Nws hlawv hauv fluorine los tsim sulfur hexafluoride. Cov kua sulfur nrog cov tshuaj chlorine los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab heev disulfur dichloride (S2Cl2). Ib qho kev sib npaug sib npaug uas muaj cov liab sulfur dichloride (SCl) tuaj yeem tsim tau thaum cov tshuaj chlorine ntau dhau thiab cov catalyst, xws li FeCl.3lub SnI4,yog siv.
- Sulfur tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj kub potassium hydroxide (KOH) los tsim cov poov tshuaj sulfide thiab potassium thiosulfate.
- Sulfur tsis hnov mob nrog dej thiab tsis-oxidizing acids. Sulfur reacts nrog kub nitric acid thiab concentrated sulfuric acid thiab tuaj yeem oxidized rau hauv sulfuric acid thiab sulfur dioxide.
3. Daim ntawv thov teb
- Kev siv tshuab
Kev siv cov sulfur tseem ceeb yog tsim cov sulfur compounds xws li sulfuric acid, sulfites, thiosulfates, ocyanates, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, disulfur dichloride, trichlorosulfonated phosphorus, phosphorus sulfides, thiab hlau sulfides. Ntau tshaj 80% ntawm lub ntiaj teb txhua xyoo kev siv tshuaj sulfur yog siv los tsim cov sulfuric acid. Sulfur kuj tseem siv dav hauv kev tsim cov roj hmab vulcanized. Thaum cov roj hmab nyoos yog vulcanized rau hauv cov roj hmab vulcanized, nws tau txais siab elasticity, tshav kub tsis kam tensile lub zog, thiab insolubility hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic. Cov khoom siv roj hmab feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov roj hmab vulcanized, uas yog tsim los ntawm reacting raw roj hmab nrog thiab accelerators ntawm tej qhov kub thiab txias. Sulfur kuj tseem xav tau nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov hmoov dub thiab cov khoom sib tw, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw rau cov foob pob hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, sulfur tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov sulfurized dyes thiab pigments. Piv txwv li, calcining ib tug sib tov ntawm kaolin, carbon, sulfur, diatomaceous ntiaj teb, los yog quartz hmoov yuav ua tau ib tug xiav pigment hu ua ultramarine. Kev lag luam tshuaj bleach thiab kev lag luam kws tshuaj kuj siv ib feem ntawm sulfur.
- Kev siv tshuaj kho mob
Sulfur yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw hauv ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Piv txwv li, tung roj yog rhuab nrog leej faj rau sulfonate nrog sulfur acid thiab ces neutralized nrog ammonia dej kom tau sulfonated tung roj. 10% tshuaj pleev ua los ntawm nws muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab deelling teebmeem thiab tuaj yeem siv los kho ntau yam tawv nqaij o thiab o.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-09-2024