1. Kev Taw Qhia

Antimony, ua ib qho hlau tseem ceeb uas tsis yog ferrous, yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws kub, cov hlau sib xyaw, cov khoom siv semiconductor thiab lwm yam teb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau antimony hauv xwm feem ntau nyob ua ke nrog arsenic, ua rau muaj cov ntsiab lus arsenic ntau hauv cov antimony nyoos uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv cov khoom antimony. Tsab xov xwm no qhia txog ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev tshem tawm arsenic hauv kev ntxuav antimony nyoos, suav nrog pyrometallurgical refining, hydrometallurgical refining, thiab electrolytic refining, piav qhia txog lawv cov ntsiab cai, cov txheej txheem ntws, cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm, thiab qhov zoo / qhov tsis zoo.

2. Kev Kho Mob Pyrometallurgical rau Kev Tshem Tawm Arsenic

2.1 Txoj Kev Ua Kom Alkaline Zoo

2.1.1 Lub Ntsiab Cai

Txoj kev ua kom alkaline tshem tawm arsenic raws li kev sib xyaw ntawm arsenic thiab alkali hlau sib xyaw ua ke los tsim arsenates. Cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw:
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4As + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Cov Txheej Txheem

1. Kev npaj cov khoom siv raw: Tho cov antimony nyoos ua tej daim me me li 5-10 hli thiab sib tov nrog cov tshauv soda (Na₂CO₃) ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm 10:1
2. Kev Smelting: Ua kom sov hauv lub cub tawg reverberatory mus txog 850-950 ° C, tuav rau 2-3 teev
3. Kev Oxidation: Qhia txog cua compressed (siab 0.2-0.3MPa), tus nqi ntws 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Kev tsim cov slag: Ntxiv cov ntsev ntsev (NaNO₃) kom tsim nyog ua cov tshuaj oxidant, koob tshuaj 3-5% ntawm qhov hnyav antimony
5. Tshem tawm cov slag: Tom qab so rau 30 feeb, tshem tawm cov slag saum npoo av
6. Rov ua dua: Rov ua cov txheej txheem saum toj no 2-3 zaug

2.1.3 Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Txheej Txheem

• Kev tswj kub: Qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws 900 ± 20 ° C
• Cov tshuaj alkali: Kho raws li cov ntsiab lus arsenic, feem ntau yog 8-12% ntawm qhov hnyav antimony
• Lub sijhawm oxidation: 1-1.5 teev ib lub voj voog oxidation

2.1.4 Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Kev Tshem Tawm Arsenic

Yuav txo tau cov ntsiab lus arsenic ntawm 2-5% mus rau 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Txoj Kev Ua Kom Oxidative Volatilization

2.2.1 Lub Ntsiab Cai

Siv tus yam ntxwv uas arsenic oxide (As₂O₃) yoo hloov pauv ntau dua li antimony oxide. As₂O₃ tsuas yaj tau ntawm 193°C xwb, thaum Sb₂O₃ xav tau 656°C.

2.2.2 Cov Txheej Txheem

1. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov pa oxygen: Ua kom sov hauv lub qhov cub rotary mus txog 600-650 ° C nrog kev qhia cua
2. Kev kho cov pa roj flue: Condense thiab rov qab tau volatilized As₂O₃
3. Kev txo cov hlau smelting: Txo cov khoom seem ntawm 1200 ° C nrog coke
4. Kev ua kom huv: Ntxiv me ntsis ntawm cov tshauv soda rau kev ntxuav ntxiv

2.2.3 Cov Qauv Tseem Ceeb

• Cov pa oxygen concentration: 21-28%
• Lub sijhawm nyob: 4-6 teev
• Qhov ceev ntawm lub cub tawg: 0.5-1r / min

3. Kev Kho Mob Hydrometallurgical rau Kev Tshem Tawm Arsenic

3.1 Txoj Kev Siv Alkali Sulfide Leaching

3.1.1 Lub Ntsiab Cai

Siv tus yam ntxwv uas arsenic sulfide muaj solubility siab dua hauv cov kua alkali sulfide dua li antimony sulfide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Tsis yaj

3.1.2 Cov Txheej Txheem

1. Sulfidation: Sib tov cov hmoov antimony nyoos nrog sulfur ntawm 1: 0.3 qhov sib piv, sulfidize ntawm 500 ° C rau 1 teev
2. Kev Tshem Tawm: Siv 2mol/L Na₂S kua, kua-khoom sib piv 5:1, do ntawm 80°C rau 2 teev
3. Kev lim: Lim nrog lub tshuab lim, cov seem yog cov tshuaj antimony tsawg-arsenic
4. Kev Tsim Dua Tshiab: Muab H₂S rau hauv cov lim dej kom rov tsim dua Na₂S

3.1.3 Cov Cai ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem

• Na₂S concentration: 1.5-2.5mol / L
• Kev ntxuav pH: 12-13
• Kev ua haujlwm leaching: Raws li> 90%, Sb poob <5%

3.2 Txoj Kev Siv Acidic Oxidative Leaching

3.2.1 Lub Ntsiab Cai

Siv cov arsenic yooj yim dua los ua kom oxidation hauv cov xwm txheej acidic, siv cov oxidants xws li FeCl₃ lossis H₂O₂ rau kev yaj xaiv.

3.2.2 Cov Txheej Txheem

1. Leaching: Hauv 1.5mol/L HCl kua, ntxiv 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, kua-khoom sib piv 8:1
2. Kev tswj hwm qhov muaj peev xwm: Tswj qhov muaj peev xwm oxidation ntawm 400-450mV (vs.SHE)
3. Kev sib cais cov khoom khov-kua: Kev lim dej hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, xa cov lim dej mus rau kev rov qab los ntawm arsenic
4. Ntxuav: Ntxuav cov lim dej seem 3 zaug nrog cov kua qaub hydrochloric dilute

4. Txoj Kev Ua Kom Zoo Dua Los Ntawm Electrolytic

4.1 Lub Ntsiab Cai

Siv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov peev xwm tso tawm ntawm antimony (+0.212V) thiab arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Cov Txheej Txheem

1. Kev npaj anode: Nrum cov antimony nyoos rau hauv 400 × 600 × 20mm anode phaj
2. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov electrolyte: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, cov khoom ntxiv (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Cov xwm txheej electrolysis:
   • Qhov ceev tam sim no: 120-150A / m²
   • Lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm tes: 0.4-0.6V
   • Kub: 30-35°C
   • Qhov nrug ntawm electrode: 100 hli
4. Lub voj voog: Tshem tawm ntawm lub cell txhua 7-10 hnub

4.3 Cov Cim Qhia Txog Kev Siv Tshuab

• Cathode antimony purity: ≥99.85%
• Tus nqi tshem tawm arsenic: > 95%
• Kev ua haujlwm tam sim no: 85-90%

5. Cov Txuj Ci Tshiab Txog Kev Tshem Tawm Arsenic

5.1 Kev Siv Tshuab Nqus Tsev

Hauv qab 0.1-10Pa lub tshuab nqus tsev, siv qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog vapor (Raws li: 133Pa ntawm 550 ° C, Sb xav tau 1000 ° C).

5.2 Kev Oxidation ntawm Plasma

Siv cov plasma kub qis (5000-10000K) rau kev xaiv arsenic oxidation, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv luv (10-30 feeb), kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg.

6. Kev Sib Piv Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Cov Lus Qhia Xaiv

Cov lus qhia xaiv:

• Cov khoom noj uas muaj arsenic ntau (As>3%): Nyiam siv alkali sulfide leaching
• Arsenic nruab nrab (0.5-3%): Alkaline refining los yog electrolysis
• Cov kev cai rau kev ua kom huv siab thiab qis-arsenic: Pom zoo kom siv electrolytic refining

7. Xaus Lus

Kev tshem tawm arsenic ntawm cov antimony nyoos yuav tsum tau xav txog txhua yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom xav tau, thiab kev lag luam. Cov txheej txheem pyrometallurgical ib txwm muaj peev xwm loj tab sis muaj kev nyuaj siab rau ib puag ncig; cov txheej txheem hydrometallurgical muaj kev ua qias tuaj tsawg dua tab sis cov txheej txheem ntev dua; cov txheej txheem electrolytic tsim cov khoom huv siab tab sis siv zog ntau dua. Cov lus qhia kev txhim kho yav tom ntej suav nrog:

1. Tsim cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke zoo
2. Kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ua ke ntau theem
3. Txhim kho kev siv cov peev txheej arsenic
4. Txo kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tso pa phem tawm