1. Kev Taw Qhia

Zinc telluride (ZnTe) yog ib qho khoom siv semiconductor tseem ceeb II-VI pawg nrog cov qauv bandgap ncaj qha. Thaum sov chav, nws qhov bandgap yog kwv yees li 2.26 eV, thiab nws pom ntau daim ntawv thov hauv cov khoom siv optoelectronic, lub hnub ci hlwb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Tsab xov xwm no yuav muab cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws txog ntau yam txheej txheem tsim rau zinc telluride, suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khov kho, kev thauj mus los ntawm cov pa, cov txheej txheem raws li kev daws teeb meem, molecular beam epitaxy, thiab lwm yam. Txhua txoj kev yuav raug piav qhia kom meej txog nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov txheej txheem, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab cov kev xav tseem ceeb.

2. Txoj Kev Ua Tshuaj Khov Khov Rau ZnTe Synthesis

2.1 Lub Ntsiab Cai

Txoj kev ua tshuaj tiv thaiv solid-state yog txoj hauv kev ib txwm muaj rau kev npaj zinc telluride, qhov twg zinc thiab tellurium uas muaj purity siab yuav ua rau muaj kev kub siab los tsim ZnTe:

Zn + Te → ZnTe

2.2 Cov Txheej Txheem Qhia Txog

2.2.1 Kev Npaj Khoom Siv Raw

1. Kev Xaiv Khoom Siv: Siv cov zinc granules uas muaj cov khoom ntshiab thiab cov tellurium lumps uas muaj cov khoom ntshiab ≥99.999% ua cov khoom pib.
2. Kev kho ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv:
   • Kev kho zinc: Ua ntej muab tso rau hauv cov kua qaub hydrochloric (5%) rau 1 feeb kom tshem tawm cov oxides ntawm qhov chaw, yaug nrog dej deionized, ntxuav nrog anhydrous ethanol, thiab thaum kawg ziab hauv qhov cub nqus tsev ntawm 60 ° C rau 2 teev.
   • Kev kho mob Tellurium: Ua ntej muab tso rau hauv aqua regia (HNO₃: HCl = 1: 3) rau 30 vib nas this kom tshem tawm cov oxides ntawm qhov chaw, yaug nrog dej deionized kom txog thaum tsis muaj teeb meem, ntxuav nrog anhydrous ethanol, thiab thaum kawg qhuav hauv qhov cub nqus tsev ntawm 80 ° C rau 3 teev.
3. Kev Ntsuas Qhov Hnyav: Ntsuas cov khoom siv raw raws li qhov sib piv stoichiometric (Zn:Te = 1:1). Xav txog qhov ua tau tias zinc yuav yaj thaum kub siab, yuav ntxiv 2-3% ntxiv.

2.2.2 Kev Sib Tov Khoom Siv

1. Kev Sib Tsoo thiab Kev Sib Tov: Muab cov zinc thiab tellurium uas hnyav rau hauv lub tshuaj khib agate thiab sib tsoo rau 30 feeb hauv lub thawv hnab looj tes uas muaj argon kom txog thaum sib xyaw ua ke.
2. Pelletizing: Muab cov hmoov sib xyaw rau hauv pwm thiab nias rau hauv cov pellets nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10-20 hli nyob rau hauv 10-15MPa siab.

2.2.3 Kev Npaj Lub Taub Hau Ua Pa

1. Kev Kho Mob Quartz Tube: Xaiv cov raj quartz siab-purity (sab hauv txoj kab uas hla 20-30mm, phab ntsa tuab 2-3mm), ua ntej tsau hauv aqua regia rau 24 teev, yaug kom huv si nrog dej deionized, thiab ziab hauv qhov cub ntawm 120 ° C.
2. Kev Tshem Tawm: Muab cov khoom siv raw pellets rau hauv lub raj quartz, txuas rau lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab tshem tawm mus rau ≤10⁻³Pa.
3. Kev Kaw: Kaw lub raj quartz siv lub nplaim hydrogen-oxygen, xyuas kom meej tias qhov ntev ntawm kev kaw ≥50mm rau airtightness.

2.2.4 Kev Kub Siab Tshaj Plaws

1. Theem Ua Kub Thawj Zaug: Muab lub raj quartz kaw rau hauv lub cub tawg thiab cua sov rau 400 ° C ntawm tus nqi ntawm 2-3 ° C / feeb, tuav rau 12 teev kom tso cai rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm zinc thiab tellurium.
2. Theem Ob Qhov Kub: Txuas ntxiv cua sov mus rau 950-1050 ° C (qis dua qhov quartz softening point ntawm 1100 ° C) ntawm 1-2 ° C / feeb, tuav rau 24-48 teev.
3. Kev Co Lub Raj: Thaum lub sijhawm kub siab, tig lub cub tawg ntawm 45° txhua 2 teev thiab co ob peb zaug kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj reactants sib xyaw zoo.
4. Txias: Tom qab ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txias qeeb qeeb rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav tsev ntawm 0.5-1 ° C / feeb kom tiv thaiv cov qauv tawg vim muaj kev ntxhov siab thermal.

2.2.5 Kev Ua Khoom

1. Kev Tshem Tawm Khoom: Qhib lub raj quartz hauv lub thawv hnab looj tes thiab tshem tawm cov khoom ua xua.
2. Kev Sib Tsoo: Rov sib tsoo cov khoom ua hmoov kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis muaj zog.
3. Kev Ua Kom Kub: Ua kom cov hmoov kub ntawm 600 ° C hauv qab huab cua argon rau 8 teev kom txo qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab txhim kho crystallinity.
4. Kev Txheeb Xyuas: Ua XRD, SEM, EDS, thiab lwm yam, los xyuas kom meej tias theem purity thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg.

2.3 Kev Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem

1. Kev Tswj Kub: Qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua tshuaj yog 1000 ± 20 ° C. Qhov kub qis dua yuav ua rau kev ua tshuaj tsis tiav, thaum qhov kub siab dua yuav ua rau zinc yaj.
2. Kev Tswj Lub Sijhawm: Lub sijhawm tuav yuav tsum yog ≥24 teev kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev teb tiav.
3. Tus Nqi Txias: Txias qeeb (0.5-1 ° C / feeb) ua rau cov noob siv lead ua loj dua.

2.4 Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Qhov Zoo thiab Qhov Tsis Zoo

Cov txiaj ntsig:

• Cov txheej txheem yooj yim, cov khoom siv tsawg
• Haum rau kev tsim khoom ntau lawm
• Cov khoom purity siab

Qhov Tsis Zoo:

• Kub siab ua haujlwm, siv zog ntau
• Kev faib tawm ntawm cov noob tsis sib xws
• Tej zaum yuav muaj cov khoom me me uas tsis tau ua haujlwm

3. Txoj Kev Thauj Mus Los Ua Pa Rau ZnTe Synthesis

3.1 Lub Ntsiab Cai

Txoj kev thauj cov pa siv cov roj nqa khoom los thauj cov pa tshuaj reactant mus rau thaj chaw kub qis rau kev tso tawm, ua tiav kev loj hlob ntawm ZnTe los ntawm kev tswj cov kub hloov pauv. Iodine feem ntau yog siv ua tus neeg sawv cev thauj khoom:

ZnTe(s) + I₂(g) ⇌ ZnI₂(g) + 1/2Te₂(g)

3.2 Cov Txheej Txheem Qhia Txog

3.2.1 Kev Npaj Khoom Siv Raw

1. Kev Xaiv Khoom Siv: Siv cov hmoov ZnTe uas muaj qhov huv siab (qhov huv siab ≥99.999%) lossis cov hmoov Zn thiab Te uas sib xyaw ua ke.
2. Kev Npaj Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Thauj Mus Los: Cov siv lead ua iodine uas muaj purity siab (purity ≥99.99%), koob tshuaj ntawm 5-10mg/cm³ lub raj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
3. Kev Kho Mob Quartz Tube: Ib yam li txoj kev ua tshuaj tiv thaiv solid-state, tab sis xav tau cov raj quartz ntev dua (300-400mm).

3.2.2 Kev Thauj Khoom Los Ntawm Lub Raj

1. Kev Muab Khoom Siv: Muab hmoov ZnTe lossis Zn+Te sib tov rau ntawm ib kawg ntawm lub raj quartz.
2. Ntxiv Iodine: Ntxiv cov siv lead ua iodine rau hauv lub raj quartz hauv lub thawv hnab looj tes.
3. Kev Khiav Tawm: Khiav tawm mus rau ≤10⁻³Pa.
4. Kev Sib Khi: Sib khi nrog nplaim hydrogen-oxygen, ua kom lub raj kab rov tav.

3.2.3 Kev Teeb Tsa Kub thiab Kev Sib Hloov

1. Kub Kub Hauv Cheeb Tsam: Teem rau 850-900 ° C.
2. Kub ntawm Thaj Chaw Txias: Teem rau 750-800 ° C.
3. Qhov Ntev ntawm Cheeb Tsam Gradient: Kwv yees li 100-150 hli.

3.2.4 Txoj Kev Loj Hlob

1. Theem Ib: Ua kom sov txog 500°C ntawm 3°C/feeb, tuav li 2 teev kom pib ua haujlwm ntawm iodine thiab cov khoom siv raw.
2. Theem Ob: Txuas ntxiv ua kom sov mus txog qhov kub uas tau teem tseg, tswj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab loj hlob rau 7-14 hnub.
3. Txias: Tom qab kev loj hlob tiav lawm, txias rau chav tsev kub ntawm 1 ° C / feeb.

3.2.5 Kev Sau Khoom

1. Qhib Lub Raj: Qhib lub raj quartz hauv lub thawv hnab looj tes.
2. Kev Sau: Sau cov ZnTe cov siv lead ua ke ntawm qhov kawg txias.
3. Kev Ntxuav: Siv ultrasonic los ntxuav nrog anhydrous ethanol rau 5 feeb kom tshem tawm cov iodine uas nqus tau los ntawm saum npoo.

3.3 Cov Ntsiab Lus Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem

1. Kev Tswj Tus Nqi Iodine: Qhov concentration ntawm Iodine cuam tshuam rau qhov kev thauj mus los; qhov ntau zoo tshaj plaws yog 5-8mg/cm³.
2. Kub Hloov Pauv: Tswj qhov hloov pauv tsis pub dhau 50-100 ° C.
3. Lub Sijhawm Loj Hlob: Feem ntau 7-14 hnub, nyob ntawm seb koj xav tau qhov loj me ntawm cov siv lead ua.

3.4 Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Qhov Zoo thiab Qhov Tsis Zoo

Cov txiaj ntsig:

• Cov khoom siv lead ua zoo ib leeg tuaj yeem tau txais
• Cov qauv siv lead ua loj dua
• Kev huv siab

Qhov Tsis Zoo:

• Kev loj hlob ntev
• Cov khoom siv xav tau siab
• Cov qoob loo qis

4. Txoj Kev Siv Tshuaj Rau ZnTe Nanomaterial Synthesis

4.1 Lub Ntsiab Cai

Cov txheej txheem raws li cov tshuaj tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej hauv cov tshuaj los npaj ZnTe nanoparticles lossis nanowires. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog:

Zn²⁺ + HTe⁻ + OH⁻ → ZnTe + H₂O

4.2 Cov Txheej Txheem Qhia Txog

4.2.1 Kev Npaj Tshuaj Reagent

1. Qhov Chaw Zinc: Zinc acetate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O), kev huv huv ≥99.99%.
2. Tellurium Tau Los: Tellurium dioxide (TeO₂), purity ≥99.99%.
3. Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Txo: Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), kev huv si ≥98%.
4. Cov kuab tshuaj: Dej deionized, ethylenediamine, ethanol.
5. Cov tshuaj surfactant: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

4.2.2 Kev Npaj Ua Ntej Tellurium

1. Kev Npaj Tshuaj: Yaj 0.1mmol TeO₂ hauv 20ml dej deionized.
2. Kev Txo Cov Tshuaj: Ntxiv 0.5mmol NaBH₄, do nrog hlau nplaum rau 30 feeb kom tsim tau cov tshuaj HTe⁻.
   TeO₂ + 3BH₄⁻ + 3H₂O → HTe⁻ + 3B(OH)₃ + 3H₂↑
3. Huab Cua Tiv Thaiv: Tswj cov pa nitrogen thoob plaws kom tiv thaiv kev oxidation.

4.2.3 ZnTe Nanoparticle Synthesis

1. Kev Npaj Cov Tshuaj Zinc: Yaj 0.1mmol zinc acetate hauv 30ml ethylenediamine.
2. Kev Sib Tov: Maj mam ntxiv cov tshuaj HTe⁻ rau hauv cov tshuaj zinc, ua kom sov ntawm 80 ° C rau 6 teev.
3. Centrifugation: Tom qab ua tshuaj, centrifuge ntawm 10,000rpm rau 10 feeb kom sau cov khoom.
4. Ntxuav: Hloov pauv ntxuav nrog ethanol thiab dej deionized peb zaug.
5. Kev ziab: Siv lub tshuab nqus tsev ziab ntawm 60°C rau 6 teev.

4.2.4 ZnTe Nanowire Synthesis

1. Ntxiv Qauv: Ntxiv 0.2g CTAB rau hauv cov kua zinc.
2. Cov Tshuaj Hydrothermal: Hloov cov tshuaj sib xyaw rau hauv 50ml Teflon-lined autoclave, ua rau kub txog 180 ° C rau 12 teev.
3. Kev Ua Tom Qab: Ib yam li cov nanoparticles.

4.3 Kev Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem

1. Kev Tswj Kub: 80-90 ° C rau cov nanoparticles, 180-200 ° C rau cov nanowires.
2. Tus nqi pH: Tswj ntawm 9-11.
3. Lub Sijhawm Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv: 4-6 teev rau cov nanoparticles, 12-24 teev rau cov nanowires.

4.4 Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Qhov Zoo thiab Qhov Tsis Zoo

Cov txiaj ntsig:

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub tsawg, txuag hluav taws xob
• Cov qauv thiab qhov loj me uas tswj tau
• Haum rau kev tsim khoom loj

Qhov Tsis Zoo:

• Cov khoom yuav muaj cov khoom tsis huv
• Yuav tsum tau ua tiav tom qab ua tiav
• Qis dua qhov siv lead ua zoo

5. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) rau ZnTe Thin Film Preparation

5.1 Lub Ntsiab Cai

MBE loj hlob ZnTe cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias nyias los ntawm kev coj cov kab teeb molecular ntawm Zn thiab Te mus rau ntawm lub substrate nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ultra-high vacuum, tswj hwm qhov sib piv ntawm cov kab teeb thiab qhov kub ntawm lub substrate.

5.2 Cov Txheej Txheem Qhia Txog

5.2.1 Kev Npaj Lub Tshuab

1. Lub Tshuab Nqus Tsev: Lub tshuab nqus tsev ≤1 × 10⁻⁸Pa.
2. Kev Npaj Qhov Chaw:
   • Qhov chaw zinc: 6N zinc ntshiab siab hauv BN crucible.
   • Qhov chaw ntawm tellurium: 6N tellurium uas muaj purity siab hauv PBN crucible.
3. Kev Npaj Khoom Siv:
   • Feem ntau siv GaAs (100) substrate.
   • Kev ntxuav cov khoom siv: Kev ntxuav cov kuab tshuaj organic → kev ntxuav kua qaub → kev ntxuav dej deionized → kev ziab nitrogen.

5.2.2 Kev Loj Hlob

1. Kev Tawm Pa Tawm Ntawm Cov Khoom Siv: Ci ntawm 200 ° C rau 1 teev kom tshem tawm cov adsorbs saum npoo.
2. Kev Tshem Tawm Oxide: Ua kom sov txog 580 ° C, tuav rau 10 feeb kom tshem tawm cov oxides saum npoo.
3. Kev Loj Hlob Txheej Txheem Tsis Muaj: Txias rau 300 ° C, loj hlob 10nm ZnTe txheej tsis muaj.
4. Kev Loj Hlob Tseem Ceeb:
   • Qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv: 280-320 ° C.
   • Zinc beam sib npaug siab: 1 × 10⁻⁶Torr.
   • Tellurium beam sib npaug siab: 2 × 10⁻⁶Torr.
   • V/III piv tswj tau ntawm 1.5-2.0.
   • Kev loj hlob sai: 0.5-1μm / h.
5. Kev Ua Kub: Tom qab kev loj hlob, ua kom sov ntawm 250 ° C rau 30 feeb.

5.2.3 Kev Soj Ntsuam Hauv Qhov Chaw

1. Kev Soj Ntsuam RHEED: Kev soj ntsuam tiag tiag ntawm kev tsim kho dua tshiab ntawm qhov chaw thiab hom kev loj hlob.
2. Kev Ntsuas Loj: Saib xyuas qhov muaj zog ntawm lub teeb molecular.
3. Infrared Thermometry: Kev tswj qhov kub ntawm lub substrate kom meej.

5.3 Cov Ntsiab Lus Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem

1. Kev Tswj Kub: Qhov kub ntawm cov substrate cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm crystal thiab qhov morphology ntawm qhov chaw.
2. Beam Flux Ratio: Te/Zn ratio cuam tshuam rau cov hom kev puas tsuaj thiab qhov concentration.
3. Kev Loj Hlob Tus Nqi: Cov nqi qis dua txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov siv lead ua.

5.4 Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Qhov Zoo thiab Qhov Tsis Zoo

Cov txiaj ntsig:

• Kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev tswj hwm doping.
• Cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo ib leeg-siv lead ua.
• Cov nto atomic tiaj tiaj ua tau.

Qhov Tsis Zoo:

• Cov khoom siv kim heev.
• Kev loj hlob qeeb.
• Yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ua haujlwm siab heev.

6. Lwm Txoj Kev Sib Xyaws

6.1 Kev Tso Pa Tshuaj Lom Zem (CVD)

1. Cov khoom ua ntej: Diethylzinc (DEZn) thiab diisopropyltelluride (DIPTe).
2. Kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: 400-500 ° C.
3. Cov Pa roj thauj khoom: Cov nitrogen lossis hydrogen uas muaj cov khoom huv siab.
4. Siab: Atmospheric los yog qis siab (10-100Torr).

6.2 Kev Ua Pa Kub

1. Cov Khoom Siv Tau Los: Hmoov ZnTe uas muaj purity siab.
2. Qib Nqus Tsev: ≤1 × 10⁻⁴Pa.
3. Kub Ua Kua: 1000-1100 ° C.
4. Kub ntawm cov khoom siv: 200-300 ° C.

7. Xaus Lus

Muaj ntau txoj kev sib txawv rau kev tsim cov zinc telluride, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khov kho yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev npaj cov khoom siv ntau, kev thauj mus los ntawm cov pa ua rau muaj cov khoom siv zoo, cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv nano, thiab MBE yog siv rau cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias zoo. Cov ntawv thov siv tau yuav tsum xaiv txoj kev tsim nyog raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, nrog kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ZnTe ua tau zoo. Cov lus qhia yav tom ntej suav nrog kev tsim cov khoom kub qis, kev tswj hwm morphology, thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem doping.