1. Taw qhia

Zinc telluride (ZnTe) yog ib qho tseem ceeb II-VI pab pawg neeg semiconductor nrog ib tug ncaj bandgap qauv. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws bandgap yog kwv yees li 2.26eV, thiab nws pom dav siv nyob rau hauv optoelectronic li, hnub ci hlwb, hluav taws xob detectors, thiab lwm yam teb. Kab lus no yuav muab cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws txog ntau yam txheej txheem synthesis rau zinc telluride, suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv xeev, kev thauj vapor, cov txheej txheem kev daws teeb meem, molecular beam epitaxy, thiab lwm yam.

2. Txoj Kev Solid-State Reaction Method rau ZnTe Synthesis

2.1 Txoj Cai

Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lub xeev yog qhov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj zinc telluride, qhov twg cov zinc purity siab thiab tellurium hnov ​​​​mob ncaj qha ntawm qhov kub siab los ua ZnTe:

Zn + Te → ZnTe

2.2 Cov txheej txheem nthuav dav

2.2.1 Raw Material Preparation

1. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv: Siv high-purity zinc granules thiab tellurium lumps nrog purity ≥99.999% raws li cov khoom pib.
2. Khoom Pretreatment:
   • Zinc kev kho mob: Ua ntej rau hauv dilute hydrochloric acid (5%) rau 1 feeb kom tshem tawm cov oxides saum npoo, yaug nrog dej deionized, ntxuav nrog anhydrous ethanol, thiab thaum kawg qhuav hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev qhov cub ntawm 60 ° C rau 2 teev.
   • Tellurium kev kho mob: Ua ntej rau hauv aqua regia (HNO₃: HCl = 1: 3) rau 30 vib nas this kom tshem tawm cov oxides saum npoo, yaug nrog dej deionized kom txog thaum nruab nrab, ntxuav nrog anhydrous ethanol, thiab thaum kawg qhuav hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev qhov cub ntawm 80 ° C rau 3 teev.
3. Kev Ntsuas: Ntsuas cov khoom siv raw hauv qhov sib piv stoichiometric (Zn: Te = 1: 1). Xav txog qhov ua tau zinc volatilization ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, 2-3% ntau dhau tuaj yeem ntxiv.

2.2.2 Cov khoom sib xyaw

1. Sib tsoo thiab sib tov: Muab cov zinc thiab tellurium uas hnyav rau hauv agate mortar thiab grind rau 30 feeb nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab looj tes uas muaj argon kom txog thaum sib tov sib xyaw.
2. Pelletizing: Muab cov hmoov sib tov rau hauv pwm thiab nias rau hauv pellets nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10-20mm hauv qab 10-15MPa siab.

2.2.3 Reaction Vessel Npaj

1. Quartz Tube Kev Kho Mob: Xaiv cov purity purity quartz raj (sab hauv txoj kab uas hla 20-30mm, phab ntsa tuab 2-3mm), ua ntej soak hauv aqua regia rau 24 teev, yaug kom huv si nrog dej deionized, thiab qhuav hauv qhov cub ntawm 120 ° C.
2. Kev khiav tawm: Muab cov khoom nyoos pellets tso rau hauv lub raj quartz, txuas mus rau lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab khiav tawm mus rau ≤10⁻³Pa.
3. Sealing: Foob lub quartz raj siv lub nplaim hluav taws xob hydrogen, kom ntseeg tau tias lub sealing ntev ≥50mm rau airtightness.

2.2.4 Kev kub ntxhov siab

1. Ua ntej cua sov theem: Muab cov quartz tube kaw rau hauv lub tub rauv thiab cua sov mus rau 400 ° C ntawm tus nqi ntawm 2-3 ° C / min, tuav rau 12 teev kom tso cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug ntawm zinc thiab tellurium.
2. Kauj Ruam 2: Txuas ntxiv cua sov rau 950-1050 ° C (hauv qab quartz softening point ntawm 1100 ° C) ntawm 1-2 ° C / min, tuav rau 24-48 teev.
3. Tube Rocking: Thaum lub caij kub kub, qaij lub qhov cub ntawm 45 ° txhua 2 teev thiab pob zeb ob peb zaug kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov reactants.
4. Ua kom txias: Tom qab ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txias maj mam mus rau chav sov ntawm 0.5-1 ° C / min kom tiv thaiv cov qauv tawg vim thermal stress.

2.2.5 Cov khoom ua tiav

1. Kev tshem tawm cov khoom: Qhib lub raj quartz hauv lub hnab looj tes thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom.
2. Sib tsoo: Regrind cov khoom rau hauv hmoov kom tshem tawm cov khoom uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
3. Annealing: Anneal cov hmoov ntawm 600 ° C nyob rau hauv argon cua rau 8 teev los txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab txhim kho crystallinity.
4. Cwj pwm: Ua XRD, SEM, EDS, thiab lwm yam, kom paub meej tias theem purity thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.

2.3 Txheej txheem Parameter Optimization

1. Kev Tswjhwm Kub: Qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws yog 1000 ± 20 ° C. Qhov kub qis dua tuaj yeem ua rau tsis tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum qhov kub siab dua tuaj yeem ua rau zinc volatilization.
2. Lub Sijhawm Tswjhwm: Lub sijhawm tuav yuav tsum yog ≥24 teev kom paub meej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav.
3. Txias Rate: Ua kom txias qeeb (0.5-1 ° C / min) yields loj siv lead ua nplej.

2.4 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo tsom xam

Qhov zoo:

• Cov txheej txheem yooj yim, cov khoom siv tsawg tsawg
• Haum rau batch ntau lawm
• High khoom purity

Qhov tsis zoo:

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub, siab zog noj
• Non-uniform grain loj faib
• Tej zaum yuav muaj me me ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

3. Vapor Transport Method rau ZnTe Synthesis

3.1 Txoj Cai

Txoj kev thauj vapor siv cov pa roj los thauj cov pa reactant mus rau thaj chaw qis rau kev tso tawm, ua tiav kev loj hlob ntawm ZnTe los ntawm kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias gradients. Iodine feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev thauj khoom:

ZnTe(s) + I₂(g) ⇌ ZnI₂(g) + 1/2Te₂(g)

3.2 Cov txheej txheem nthuav dav

3.2.1 Raw Material Preparation

1. Kev xaiv khoom: Siv cov hmoov zoo ZnTe hmoov (purity ≥99.999%) los yog stoichiometrically tov Zn thiab Te hmoov.
2. Kev Npaj Thauj Khoom: High-purity iodine crystals (purity ≥99.99%), ntau npaum li cas ntawm 5-10mg / cm³ cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raj ntim.
3. Quartz Tube Kev Kho Mob: Ib yam li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lub xeev, tab sis ntev quartz hlab (300-400mm) yuav tsum tau.

3.2.2 Tube Loading

1. Khoom siv: Muab ZnTe hmoov los yog Zn + Te sib tov ntawm ib kawg ntawm quartz raj.
2. Ntxiv iodine: Ntxiv iodine crystals rau lub raj quartz hauv ib lub hnab looj tes.
3. Kev khiav tawm: Tawm mus rau ≤10⁻³Pa.
4. Sealing: Foob nrog lub nplaim hluav taws xob hydrogen, ua kom lub raj kab rov tav.

3.2.3 Temperature Gradient Setup

1. Kub Cheeb Tsam Kub: Teeb rau 850-900 ° C.
2. Txias Cheeb Tsam Kub: Teem rau 750-800 ° C.
3. Gradient Zone Length: Kwv yees li 100-150mm.

3.2.4 Kev Loj Hlob

1. Thawj theem: Thaum tshav kub kub rau 500 ° C ntawm 3 ° C / min, tuav rau 2 teev kom tso cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug ntawm iodine thiab cov ntaub ntawv raw.
2. Kauj Ruam 2: Txuas ntxiv cua sov rau qhov ntsuas kub, tswj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab loj hlob rau 7-14 hnub.
3. Txias: Tom qab kev loj hlob tiav, txias rau chav sov ntawm 1 ° C / min.

3.2.5 Product Collection

1. Tube Qhib: Qhib lub raj quartz hauv lub hnab looj tes.
2. Sau: Sau ZnTe ib leeg muaju ntawm qhov kawg txias.
3. Ntxuav: Ultrasonically ntxuav nrog anhydrous ethanol rau 5 feeb kom tshem tawm cov iodine deg adsorbed.

3.3 Txheej Txheem Tswj Cov Ntsiab Lus

1. Iodine npaum li cas tswj: Iodine concentration cuam tshuam tus nqi thauj; Kev pom zoo ntau yam yog 5-8mg / cm³.
2. Temperature Gradient: Khaws gradient hauv 50-100 ° C.
3. Lub Sijhawm Loj Loj: Feem ntau 7-14 hnub, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau siv lead ua loj.

3.4 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo tsom xam

Qhov zoo:

• Cov khoom siv zoo ib leeg tuaj yeem tau txais
• Loj loj siv lead ua
• Siab purity

Qhov tsis zoo:

• Kev loj hlob mus ntev
• Cov khoom siv siab heev
• Tsawg tawm los

4. Txoj kev daws teeb meem rau ZnTe Nanomaterial Synthesis

4.1 Txoj Cai

Txoj kev daws teeb meem los tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej hauv kev daws teeb meem los npaj ZnTe nanoparticles lossis nanowires. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm yog:

Zn²⁺ + HTe⁻ + OH⁻ → ZnTe + H₂O

4.2 Cov txheej txheem nthuav dav

4.2.1 Kev npaj Reagent

1. Zinc Source: Zinc acetate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O), purity ≥99.99%.
2. Tellurium Source: Tellurium dioxide (TeO₂), purity ≥99.99%.
3. Tus neeg sawv cev txo qis: Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), purity ≥98%.
4. Cov kuab tshuaj: dej deionized, ethylenediamine, ethanol.
5. Surfactant: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

4.2.2 Tellurium Precursor Npaj

1. Kev npaj: Dissolve 0.1mmol TeO₂ hauv 20ml deionized dej.
2. Txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Ntxiv 0.5mmol NaBH₄, do magnetically rau 30 feeb los tsim cov tshuaj HTe⁻.
   TeO₂ + 3BH₄⁻ + 3H₂O → HTe⁻ + 3B(OH)₃ + 3H₂↑
3. Kev Tiv Thaiv Huab Cua: Khaws cov nitrogen ntws thoob plaws kom tiv thaiv oxidation.

4.2.3 ZnTe Nanoparticle Synthesis

1. Zinc Solution Preparation: Dissolve 0.1mmol zinc acetate hauv 30ml ethylenediamine.
2. Mixing Reaction: Maj mam ntxiv cov tshuaj HTe⁻ rau cov tshuaj zinc, react ntawm 80 ° C rau 6 teev.
3. Centrifugation: Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, centrifuge ntawm 10,000rpm rau 10 feeb los sau cov khoom.
4. Ntxuav: Hloov ntxhua nrog ethanol thiab dej deionized peb zaug.
5. Qhuav: Nqus kom qhuav ntawm 60 ° C rau 6 teev.

4.2.4 ZnTe Nanowire Synthesis

1. Template Ntxiv: Ntxiv 0.2g CTAB rau cov tshuaj zinc.
2. Hydrothermal Reaction: Hloov cov tshuaj tov rau 50ml Teflon-lined autoclave, hnov ​​​​qab ntawm 180 ° C rau 12 teev.
3. Tom qab ua tiav: Ib yam li rau nanoparticles.

4.3 Txheej txheem Parameter Optimization

1. Kev tswj kub: 80-90 ° C rau nanoparticles, 180-200 ° C rau nanowires.
2. pH Tus nqi: Khaws ntawm 9-11.
3. Lub sij hawm teb: 4-6 teev rau nanoparticles, 12-24 teev rau nanowires.

4.4 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo tsom xam

Qhov zoo:

• Tsawg-kub tshuaj tiv thaiv, txuag hluav taws xob
• Controllable morphology thiab loj
• Haum rau kev tsim khoom loj

Qhov tsis zoo:

• Cov khoom yuav muaj impurities
• Yuav tsum tau ua tom qab ua tiav
• Tsawg siv lead ua zoo

5. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) rau ZnTe Thin Film Preparation

5.1 Txoj Cai

MBE loj hlob ZnTe ib leeg-crystal nyias zaj duab xis los ntawm kev coj cov kab hluav taws xob molecular ntawm Zn thiab Te mus rau lub substrate nyob rau hauv ultra-high nqus cov xwm txheej, precisely tswj beam flux ratios thiab substrate kub.

5.2 Cov txheej txheem nthuav dav

5.2.1 Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm

1. Lub tshuab nqus tsev: Base nqus ≤1 × 10⁻⁸Pa.
2. Qhov Kev Npaj:
   • Zinc qhov chaw: 6N high-purity zinc hauv BN crucible.
   • Tellurium qhov chaw: 6N high-purity tellurium hauv PBN crucible.
3. Kev npaj substrate:
   • Feem ntau siv GaAs (100) substrate.
   • Substrate tu: Organic hnyav tu → acid etching → deionized dej yaug → nitrogen kom qhuav.

5.2.2 Kev Loj Hlob

1. Substrate Outgassing: Ci ntawm 200 ° C rau 1 teev kom tshem tawm cov adsorbates saum npoo.
2. Oxide Tshem Tawm: Kub rau 580 ° C, tuav 10 feeb kom tshem tawm cov oxides saum npoo.
3. Buffer Layer Loj hlob: Txias rau 300 ° C, loj hlob 10nm ZnTe tsis txheej.
4. Loj Loj:
   • Substrate kub: 280-320 ° C.
   • Zinc beam sib npaug siab: 1 × 10⁻⁶ Torr.
   • Tellurium beam sib npaug siab: 2 × 10⁻⁶ Torr.
   • V/III ratio tswj ntawm 1.5-2.0.
   • Kev loj hlob: 0.5-1μm / h.
5. Annealing: Tom qab kev loj hlob, anneal ntawm 250 ° C rau 30 feeb.

5.2.3 In-Situ Monitoring

1. RHEED Kev Saib Xyuas: Kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw.
2. Mass Spectrometry: Saib xyuas cov kab hluav taws xob molecular.
3. Infrared Thermometry: Precise substrate kub tswj.

5.3 Txheej Txheem Tswj Cov Ntsiab Lus

1. Temperature Control: Qhov kub thiab txias substrate cuam tshuam rau crystal zoo thiab nto morphology.
2. Beam Flux Ratio: Te / Zn piv cuam tshuam rau hom tsis xws luag thiab cov concentrations.
3. Kev Loj Hlob: Cov nqi qis dua txhim kho crystal zoo.

5.4 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo tsom xam

Qhov zoo:

• Precise muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab doping tswj.
• Cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo ib leeg-crystal.
• Atomically tiaj tus nto achievable.

Qhov tsis zoo:

• Cov khoom kim heev.
• Kev loj hlob qeeb.
• Yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ua haujlwm siab heev.

6. Lwm yam kev sib xyaw ua ke

6.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)

1. Precursors: Diethylzinc (DEZn) thiab diisopropyltelluride (DIPTe).
2. Kev ntsuas kub: 400-500 ° C.
3. Carrier Gas: High-purity nitrogen los yog hydrogen.
4. Siab: Atmospheric lossis tsis tshua muaj siab (10-100Torr).

6.2 Thermal Evaporation

1. Khoom siv: High-purity ZnTe hmoov.
2. Lub tshuab nqus tsev: ≤1 × 10⁻⁴Pa.
3. evaporation kub: 1000-1100 ° C.
4. Substrate Kub: 200-300 ° C.

7. Cov lus xaus

Ntau txoj hauv kev muaj nyob rau kev sib xyaw zinc telluride, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-lub xeev yog tsim rau kev npaj cov khoom siv ntau, kev thauj khoom vapor yields zoo ib leeg siv lead ua, cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv nano, thiab MBE yog siv rau cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo. Cov kev siv tswv yim yuav tsum xaiv cov qauv tsim nyog raws li cov kev xav tau, nrog kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ZnTe ua haujlwm siab. Cov lus qhia yav tom ntej muaj xws li kev sib txuas ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, kev tswj morphology, thiab doping txheej txheem optimization.